How do digital electronics work?

I am wondering how electronics work. Specifically portable, digital electronics with graphical user interfaces close to cell phones, iPods, PSP's and other devices.

How is the interface created for the device?

When you press a button or key, how does it know what to do? For example, when you press a button on a cell phone, how does it know what reminder or number to show on the screen, especially when the functions of buttons translate for different applications?

Please be very detailed.


Answers:    These devices are base around a microcontroller or microprocessor whose job it is to monitor the inputs and outputs via a program or operating system to determine the proper sequence of events to carry out.
More detail would be taking it down to 0 and 1 where a respectively state represents an action for the microprocessor to execute, Pressing a number on a keypad looks as a certain byte guide (1's and 0's) to the processor, which is always scan it's input for changes, if you press a number if take the new input and converts it to the appropriate output for display. This is a extremely generic breakdown...

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